Abstract This study focused on the physiochemical characteristics of the oligosaccharide produced in preserved yuzu by NY 518 and its functions based on the intestinal health through antimicrobial activities. NY 518 was identified as Lactobacillus sakei. The oligosaccharide produced by L. sakei NY 518 was gluco-oligosaccharide. The oligosaccharide from preserved yuzu (OY) was found to have lower degree of polymerization than the oligosaccharide from sucrose (OS) owing to the presence of tri- to nona-saccharides. These oligosaccharides had lower pH and increased acidity, soluble solids, and viscosity than their substrates. OY had 67% α-glucosidase inhibition activity of OS and higher antibacterial effects on food-poisoning bacteria than OS. These results indicate that the oligosaccharide produced by L. sakei NY 518 in sugar-preserved foods exhibits beneficial functions (antidiabetic and antibacterial activities) and could be a good substitute for sugar.

Abstract Three major yuzu varieties, Native, Namhae, and Tadanishiki in Korea were investigated on physiochemical properties and functional characterizations with respect to neuroprotective function (SH-SY5Y cells) or anti-inflammatory (Raw 264.7 cells). Among the three cultivars tested, Namhae had significantly higher fruit weight and total dietary fibers, while Tadanishiki had higher values of both total flavonoid and antioxidant activity. As functional compounds, Tadanishiki contained a 133% of hesperidin and 164% of naringin, compared to those of Native or Namhae. In comparison to other yuzu, Tadanishiki showed the higher cell viability, lower AChE content, lower protein levels of Bcl-2 /Bax, Caspase 3, and PARP at scopolamine-treated SH-SY5Y nerve cell. Tadanishiki and Namhae were effective for anti-inflammation by decreasing of NO production in LPS-induced Raw 264.7 cells. These results indicate that Tadanishiki yuzu, could be useful for application as a possible natural functional additive with high hesperidin content and excellent neuroprotective and anti-inflammation effects.

Methanol extract ofthe marine brown alga Ecklonia cava has been shown to exhibitantimicrobial activity against Propionibacterium acnes. To identify thecompounds conferring this antimicrobial activity, methanol extract wasfractionated using silica-gel column chromatography by increasing solventpolarity, and the antimicrobial activities of each fraction were determined interms of the minimum inhibitory concentration. Hexane, diethyl ether, acetone,ethyl acetate, acetonitrile, methanol, and water fractions were generated, withthe acetone fraction exhibiting the greatest antibacterial activity (minimuminhibitory concentration = 156 μg/mL). The acetone fraction was further purifiedby Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography and reverse-phase HPLC using an AlltimaC18 column with an H2O-MeOH linear gradient from 30 to 100%. Twopeaks were eluted at 18.1 (P1) and 23.8 (P2) min, both of which exhibitedmarked antibacterial activity (minimum inhibitory concentration = 39 μg/mL forboth). The structures of these compounds were determined on the basis of ¹Hand 13C nuclear magnetic resonance data and, through comparison withpublished data, can be phloroglucinol derivatives dieckol (P1) andphlorofucofuroeckol-A (P2). These results suggest that phlorotannins derivedfrom E. cava have antimicrobial activity against P. acnes, and somay be useful as natural additives in anti-acne cosmetics and pharmaceuticalproducts.

Se conoce que elextracto de metanol del alga parda marina Ecklonia cava presentaactividad antimicrobiana contra Propionibacterium acnes. Para identificarlos compuestos que confieren esta actividad antimicrobiana se fraccionóel extracto de metanol, usando cromatografía en columna de sílicagel, mediante el aumento de la polaridad del disolvente. La actividad antimicrobianade cada fracción se determinó en términos de laconcentración mínima inhibitoria. Las fracciones de hexano,éter dietílico, acetona, acetato de etilo, acetonitrilo, metanoly agua fueron producidas. La fracción de acetona presentó lamayor actividad antibacteriana (concentración mínima inhibitoria= 156 μg/mL). Con base en este resultado, la fracción de acetona sepurificó por cromatografía en columna en LH-20 Sephadex y HPLC defase inversa usando una columna Alltima C18 con un gradiente lineal de H2O-MeOHde 30 a 100%. Dos picos se eluyeron a 18.1 (P1) y 23.8 (P2) min, ambos tuvieronactividad antibacteriana marcada (concentración mínimainhibitoria = 39 μg/mL para ambos). La estructura de estos compuestos sedeterminó sobre la base de ¹H y 13C de resonanciamagnética nuclear y, mediante la comparación con valorespublicados, éstos pueden ser derivados de floroglucinol diecol (P1) yflorofucofuroecol-A (P2). Los resultados sugieren que florotaninos derivados deE. cava tienen actividad antimicrobiana frente a P. acnes, y porlo tanto, pueden ser útiles como aditivos naturales en loscosméticos anti-acné y los productos farmacéuticos.

Of 27 Korean seaweed species screened for potential anti-H. pylori activity, seven (25.9%) showed strong inhibitory activity based on the agar diffusion method. The strongest activity was observed for ethanol extracts from Ishige okamurae. At 1 mg/disk, the inhibition zone of I. okamurae extract was 9.0 mm, and the minimum inhibitory concentration was 12 µg/ml based on the broth microdilution assay. Based on the free urease assay system, the 80% methanol extracts from I. okamurae had 75.4% inhibition at 0.1 mg/ml. To identify the primary active compounds, I. okamurae powders were successively fractionated according to polarity into five classes of constituents including saccharides, lipids, phenolics, alkaloids, and nitrogen compounds. The I. okamurae phenolic compounds had significant antimicrobial activity (12 µg/ml minimum inhibitory concentration), while the nitrogen compound extract significantly inhibited H. pylori urease activity (80.84% at 1 mg/ml). We evaluated the I. okamurae ethanol and 80% methanol extract for acute toxicity in BALB/c mice. Over the 2-week observation period, no death occurred in any mouse administered a dose of 5 g/kg body weight. These results suggest that I. okamurae extract can be used to develop therapeutic agents for chronic gastritis and peptic ulceration.